Metodologi Muhammad Arkoun dalam Diskursus Islamic Studies

Abstract

Islamic Studies has become an intellectual discourse that never ends to be talked about and discussed because it is considered a source of Islamic intellectualism that connects modernity and turast (inherited Islamic knowledge). Two intellectual groups: Orientalists (outsiders) and Islamic intellectuals (insiders) found a discontinuity in the reading of Islamic religious texts and traditions. This disconnection is in the heterodox area (low tradition) which contains a lot of diversity in social structure, language and culture which is shackled by the dominance of the orthodox area (orthodox-scholastic) as a high tradition which is centralistic-official in Islamic sciences and cultures. Muhammad Arkoun offers a methodology regarding the Islamic Studies discourse. This article is qualitative research with a literature study approach to Arkoun's works. The conclusion is that Arkoun offers an epistemological framework in studying or studying Islamic sciences with a methodology and approach that has been developed by Western scientific scholars, which initially emerged from the Islamic-Arab intellectual culture of his time. The disappearance or non-development of these sciences in the Islamic world is due to the stagnation of post-orthodox Islamic intellectualism instilling domination and hegemony in its intellectual views in Arabic-Islamic thought. Therefore, there is a need for critical and scientific sciences such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, semiotics, ethnography and so on for the development of Islamic studies (Islamic scientific traditions) both within Islamic civilization and Islamic society.